Biology 1 | 1st Semester | Diploma in Livestock
T=2, P=3, C=3
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Biology 1 | 1st Semester | Diploma in Livestock
Objectives:
- To provide the basic concepts of Botany that will help the students to understand Environmental Science, Disaster Management and Pharmacology.
- To give general idea on the classification of plant kingdom and to acquaint the students with some important families of plants.
- To acquaint the student with plant morphology i.e. Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower, Fruit and Seeds.
- To apprise the student with terms related to Histology, Physiology, Genetics etc.
Short Description
Introduction, Importance of Botany, Plant Classification, Structure of a typical plant cell; Tissue and Tissue System; Structure and function of a plant Root, stem, Leaf and flower; Pollination and Fertilization; Germination of seed; Physiological Process such as Absorption of Water and Mineral Salts, Photosynthesis, Respiration and Transpiration; Genetics; Hybridization; Biotechnology; Virus, Bacteria, Algae and Fungi.
Detailed Description (Theoretical)
1.0 Introduction and Classification
1.1. Importance of Botany in the field of livestock.
1.2. Definition of Botany and origin of Botany.
1.3. Different branches of Botany.
1.4. Definition of Plant Taxonomy and importance of Plant Taxonomy.
1.5. Bentham and Hooker’s Classification.
1.6. Difference between Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Pants.
1.7 Important plant Families (Graminae, Leguminosae, Cruciferae and Solanaceae) in relation with Livestock.
2.0 Cell and Cell Division
2.1. Plant cell Definition, Structure of a typical plant cell, Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic cell.
2.2. Description of different cell organelles (Plastid, Mitochondria, Ribosome, Nucleus etc)
2.3. Difference between Plant cell and Animal cell.
2.4. Definition of cell division, different kinds of cell divisions.
2.5. Mitosis and Meiosis cell division.
2.6. Different steps of Mitosis and Meiosis Cell division.
2.7. Importance of Mitosis and Meiosis Cell division.
3.0 Tissue and Tissue System
3.1. Definition of Tissue and Tissue System.
3.2. Different types of Tissues.
3.3. Different types of vascular tissues.
3.3. Difference between simple and complex tissue.
Plant Morphology
4.0 The Roots
4.1. Definition of Roots.
4.2. Regions of a typical plant roots.
4.3. Functions of Roots.
4.4. Types of plant roots on the basis of origin.
4.5. Primary and Secondary Roots (Tap Root)
4.6. Functions of Roots.
4.7. Types of Modified Roots and their functions.
5.0 The Stems
5.1. Definition of Stem.
5.2. Different parts of Stem and their Functions.
5.3. Definition of Modified Stem; Kinds of Modified Stem and their Functions.
6.0 The leaf
6.1. Definition of Leaf; Characteristics of leaves.
6.2. Different parts of leaf.
6.3. Types of Leaves.
6.4. Functions of Leaves.
6.5. Venation and their functions.
7.0 The Flower and the Inflorescence
7.1. Definition of Flower; Different parts of a typical Flower.
7.2. Types of Flowers.
7.3. Functions of Different parts of a typical Flower.
7.4. Definition of Inflorescence, Types of inflorescence.
8.0 The Pollination and the Fertilization
8.1. Definition of Pollination.
8.2. Types of Pollination, agents of pollination.
8.3. Definition of Fertilization.
8.4. Steps of Fertilization.
8.5. Difference between self pollination and cross pollination.
9.0 The Fruits
9.1. Definitions of Fruits and its importance.
9.2. Different parts of a typical fruits.
9.3. Types of Fruits.
9.4. Difference between True and False Fruits.
9.5. Description of Simple, Aggregate and compounds Fruits.
10.0. Seeds and Germination of Seeds
10.1. Definitions of Seeds, Botanical and Agronomical Seeds.
10.2. Different parts of seeds.
10.3. Difference between Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Seeds.
10.4. Characteristics of quality Seeds, Seed viability, vigor, Seed dormancy.
10.5. Definitions and types of Germination.
10.6. Methods of Germination test; Purity of Seeds
10.7. External and internal factors and conditions of seed germination.
10.8. Optimum period and collection of different Seeds. Sorting, grading, seed moisture & preservation of seeds.
11.0. Plant Physiology
11.1. Importance of water in the plants.
11.2. Definition, importance & process of diffusion and osmosis.
11.3. Difference between diffusion and osmosis.
11.3. Absorption of water and mineral salts.
11.4. Definition, types & importance of Transpiration.
12.0. Photosynthesis
12.1. Definition, types and elements of plant Photosynthesis.
12.2. External & internal factors of plant Photosynthesis.
12.3. Importance of Photosynthesis in plants.
13.0. Respiration
13.1 Definition, types & importance of Respiration.
13.2. Difference between aerobic and anaerobic Respiration.
13.3. Difference between Photosynthesis & Respiration.
14.0. Reproduction of Plants
14.1. Definition & importance of Reproduction.
14.2. Different methods of Sexual & asexual reproduction.
14.3. Advantages and disadvantages of different methods.
15.0. Hybridization
15.1. Definition, types & objectives of Plant Hybridization.
15.2. Methods of Hybridization.
16.0. Plant Genetics
16.1. Definition of Genetics.
16.2. Role of Chromosome, DNA; RNA in Genetics.
16.3. Relations between Gene & Chromosome.
16.4. First and second law of Mendel’s.
17.0. Biotechnology
17.1. Definition & importance of Biotechnology.
17.2. Definition of Tissue Culture & Techniques.
17.3 Environmental Management by Biotechnology.
18.0. Micro-organism & Cryptogamous Plants.
18.1. Definition, characteristics & structures of Virus, Bacteria, Algae and Fungi.
18.2. Economic importance of Virus, Bacteria, Algae and Fungi.
18.3. Difference between Virus and Bacteria; Algae& Fungi.
18.4. Important pant diseases caused by Virus, Bacteria, and Fungi.
(Practical)
Credit Hour-3
(Duration of class: 2 hour, One class in a week)
| No. Expt. | Course Content | No. of Classes |
| 1. | Study of a simple & compound microscope | 1 |
| 2. | Identification of different plant cells | 1 |
| 3. | Study of important plants species under different families | 2 |
| 4. | Study of the root system of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. | 1 |
| 5. | Study of external morphology of a typical flowering plant to identify its different parts. | 1
|
| 6. | Study of different types of leaves. | 1 |
| 7. | Draw and observation of different flowers and its inflorescence | 2 |
| 8. | Draw and label of a) modified roots b) modified stems c) modified leaves. | 3 |
| 9. | Identification of different kinds of seeds | 1 |
| 10. | Germination test of seed | 1 |
| 11. | Identification of economically important tree | 1 |
| 12. | Collection, mounting and preservation of specimen in herbarium
|
1 |
| 13. | Oxygen production by Photosynthesis. | 1 |
| 14. | Absorption of water by osmosis. | 1 |
References:
- A Text Book of Botany by A.C. Dutta.
- Higher Secondary Biology (Botany) by Dr. Abul Hassan.
- Higher Secondary Biology (Botany) by Gazi Azmal.
- Higher Secondary Biology (Botany) by Mostafa Kamal Pasha
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